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Peanut, also known as groundnut, is a legume crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is considered as one of the most important oilseed crops and is valued for its high protein content, oil content, and nutritional value. Peanuts are believed to have originated in South America, but they are now widely grown in many countries, including the United States, China, India, Nigeria, and Sudan.

Peanuts are typically grown as annual plants, and they have a bushy growth habit. They can grow up to 30-50 cm tall and have yellow flowers that develop into pods containing the seeds. The seeds are rich in oil, which makes up about 50% of their weight, and are also high in protein, carbohydrates, and fiber. In addition, peanuts are a good source of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin E, folate, magnesium, and potassium.

There are two main types of peanuts: Virginia and Runner. Virginia peanuts are large and have a high oil content, making them ideal for roasting and processing into peanut butter. Runner peanuts, on the other hand, are smaller and have a lower oil content, but are favored for their flavor and are commonly used in snacks and confectionery products.

Peanuts are typically harvested in the fall, when the plants begin to dry up and the pods turn yellow. After harvesting, the pods are dried and then shelled to remove the seeds. The seeds can then be roasted, boiled, or processed into oil or peanut butter.

Peanuts are used in a wide variety of foods and products, including snacks, candies, baked goods, and sauces. Peanut butter, which is made by grinding roasted peanuts into a paste, is one of the most popular peanut products and is enjoyed by millions of people around the world. Peanuts are also used in many Asian cuisines, where they are often ground into a paste and used as a flavoring for sauces and soups.

In addition to their culinary uses, peanuts are also used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications. Peanut oil is commonly used as a cooking oil and as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, and pharmaceuticals. The protein and fiber in peanuts make them a popular ingredient in animal feed and pet food.

Despite their many benefits, peanuts can cause severe allergic reactions in some people. Peanut allergies are among the most common food allergies and can cause symptoms ranging from mild itching and swelling to life-threatening anaphylaxis. As a result, peanuts are banned in some schools and other public places to prevent accidental exposure.

In conclusion, peanuts are a nutritious and versatile crop that is enjoyed by people all over the world. From their humble beginnings in South America to their current status as a major global commodity, peanuts have played an important role in human history and will continue to be an important crop for many years to come.